The Impact of Ageing on Oral Health and How to Maintain a Healthy Smile

Aging is a natural part of life, and while we gain wisdom and experience, our bodies—including our teeth and gums—undergo changes. As we age, oral health concerns become more prominent, making it crucial to adopt good habits and stay proactive. Ignoring dental health can lead to discomfort, infections, and even tooth loss. So, how does ageing impact our oral health, and what can we do to maintain a healthy smile?

How Ageing Affects Oral Health

1. Gum Recession and Tooth Sensitivity

As we grow older, our gums may naturally recede, exposing the roots of our teeth. This can lead to increased sensitivity, making hot or cold foods and beverages uncomfortable to consume. Receding gums also create pockets where bacteria can accumulate, increasing the risk of cavities and gum disease.

2. Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)

A common concern among older adults is dry mouth, which occurs due to decreased saliva production. This condition is often linked to medications for high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease. Since saliva helps wash away bacteria and neutralise acids, a dry mouth can lead to tooth decay, bad breath, and gum infections.

3. Increased Risk of Cavities and Tooth Decay

While many assume cavities are a childhood problem, adults are equally susceptible. Receding gums expose softer tooth surfaces, making them more vulnerable to decay. Additionally, old dental fillings may weaken over time, increasing the risk of bacterial invasion.

4. Weakened Tooth Enamel

Years of chewing, grinding, and consuming acidic foods can wear down enamel, making teeth more prone to cracks, chips, and sensitivity. Since enamel does not regenerate, protecting it becomes increasingly important with age.

5. Higher Risk of Gum Disease

Gum disease (periodontitis) is a leading cause of tooth loss among adults. It starts with mild inflammation (gingivitis) but can progress to severe infection if left untreated. Symptoms include bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, and loose teeth.

6. Tooth Loss and Its Impact on Overall Health

Missing teeth can affect more than just aesthetics. It can lead to difficulty chewing, speech issues, and even jawbone deterioration. Moreover, studies suggest a connection between poor oral health and conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and cognitive decline.

How to Maintain a Healthy Smile as You Age?

Keeping your teeth and gums in good shape requires consistent care and a few lifestyle adjustments. Here’s what we recommend:

1. Maintain a Rigorous Oral Hygiene Routine

• Brush your teeth at least twice a day using fluoride toothpaste.
• Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to protect enamel and gums.
• Floss daily to remove plaque buildup between teeth.
• Consider using an antimicrobial mouthwash to reduce bacteria.

2. Stay Hydrated and Combat Dry Mouth

• Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
• Chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free lozenges to stimulate saliva flow.
• Avoid excessive caffeine and alcohol, which contribute to dry mouth.

3. Visit Your Dentist Regularly

• Schedule dental check-ups every six months, or as recommended.
• Get professional cleanings to remove tartar and plaque.
• Discuss concerns like sensitivity, gum health, or tooth pain with your dentist.

4. Adopt a Nutrient-Rich Diet

• Include calcium-rich foods like dairy, leafy greens, and almonds to strengthen teeth.
• Eat vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables to promote gum health.
• Limit sugary and acidic foods that contribute to decay and enamel erosion.

5. Avoid Harmful Habits

• Quit smoking and tobacco use, which significantly increase the risk of gum disease and oral cancer.
• Avoid using your teeth as tools to open packages or bite hard objects, reducing the risk of fractures.

6. Consider Dental Treatments if Needed

• If you have missing teeth, explore options like dental implants, bridges, or dentures.
• Ask your nearby trusted dentist about fluoride treatments or dental sealants for extra protection.

Age Gracefully with a Healthy Smile

Your smile is one of the first things people notice about you, and keeping it healthy is essential for both confidence and well-being. By taking simple, proactive steps, you can ensure your teeth and gums remain strong, functional, and pain-free as you age. If it’s been a while since your last dental visit, now is the perfect time to schedule an appointment. Let’s prioritise oral health and enjoy a lifetime of healthy smiles!